I&O
Formal Definition
Intake and Output - tracking all fluids going in (IV, oral) and out (urine, drains, emesis) to assess fluid balance.
How It's Used on the Ward
"What are the I's and O's?" - are they making urine? Are they fluid-positive or negative?
Example
""I&Os for the last 24 hours: 2,400 in, 1,800 out. Net positive 600. For this CHF patient, we want them net negative. Increase the Lasix.""
Clinical Context
Critical in CHF, AKI, post-surgical patients, and anyone on IV fluids. Check I&Os daily - it drives management decisions.
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